Probabilistic learning on manifolds (PLoM) with partition

The probabilistic learning on manifolds (PLoM) introduced in 2016 has solved difficult supervised problems for the “small data” limit where the number N of points in the training set is small. Many extensions have since been proposed, making it possible to deal with increasingly complex cases. However, the performance limit has been observed and explained for applications for which N is very small and for which the dimension of the diffusion-map basis is close to N. For these cases, we propose a novel extension based on the introduction of a partition in independent random vectors. We take advantage of this development to present improvements of the PLoM such as a simplified algorithm for constructing the diffusion-map basis and a new mathematical result for quantifying the concentration of the probability measure in terms of a probability upper bound. The analysis of the efficiency of this extension is presented through two applications.     

Hierarchical B-splines on regular triangular partitions

Multivariate splines have a wide range of applications in function approximation, finite element analysis and geometric modeling. They have been extensively studied in the last several decades, and specially the theory on bivariate B-splines over regular triangular partition is well developed. However, the above mentioned splines do not have local refinement property – a property that is very important in adaptive function approximation and level of detailed representation of geometric models. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hierarchial bivariate splines over regular triangular partitions and construct basis functions of such spline space that satisfy some nice properties. We provide some examples of hierarchical splines over triangular partitions in surface fitting and in solving numerical PDEs, and the results turn out to be promising.     

Quality‐relevant fault diagnosis with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes

Multiplicity of phases as indicated by changes of process characteristics is an inherent nature of many batch processes for both normal and fault cases. To more efficiently perform online fault diagnosis via reconstruction for multiphase batch processes, the phase nature and the relationship between normal and fault cases within each phase should be deeply addressed. This article proposes a quality‐relevant fault diagnosis strategy with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes. First, a concurrent phase partition algorithm is developed. The basic idea is to track the changes of process characteristics at normal and fault statuses jointly so that multiple sequential modeling phases are identified simultaneously for both normal and fault cases. Then, the relative changes from the normal status to each fault case are analyzed in each phase to reveal the specific fault effects more efficiently. The fault effects are decomposed in two different monitoring subspaces, principal subspace, and residual subspace, by capturing their different roles in removing out‐of‐control signals. The significant increases relative to the normal case are judged to be responsible for the concerned alarm monitoring statistics in each phase. The others are composed of general variations that are deemed to still follow normal rules and thus insignificant to remove alarm monitoring statistics. Those alarm‐responsible fault deviations are then used to develop reconstruction models which can more efficiently recover the fault‐free part for online fault diagnosis. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with a typical multiphase batch process with one normal case and three fault cases. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2048–2062, 2014     

川西地区地热资源概况及开发区划探讨

川西地区地热资源丰富,为隆起山地对流型中高温地热资源。热储层属带状热储,岩性主要为断层构造岩,热源主要来自现代活动性大断裂沟通深部幔源岩浆热及沿断裂破碎带产生的机械摩擦热,水源主要为大气降水,成因模式为深循环。基于野外调查、取样分析及区域地质资料分析,区内水热类型齐全,分布严格受控于区内构造且与人口分布具有良好重叠性,流体水化学类型以HCO_3-Na型为主,多富含氟与硅且浓度多达理疗热矿水命名浓度,理疗价值高。依据地热流体与热储温度区划、流体水化学特征区划及区域资源等综合因素,将区内地热资源具体区划为3种类型,以供暖、发电为主的6个优先开发区,以休闲旅游、康体保健为主的10个重点开发区及按需利用为主的暂缓开发区。针对地热资源在开发利用过程中可能产生的环境地质问题,提出针对性预防措施,实现地热资源可持续开发利用。     

Sorption of organics on clay and synthetic humic-clay complexes simulating aquifer processes

Sorption/partition of several organic solute (contaminants) of a wide range of hydrophobicities was studied on clay and on clay-humic complexes representing aquifer-soil systems. The role of the mineral and of the organic (humic) fractions was elucidated and a model considering both fractions in the sorption process was proposed. The adsorption constants on humic (organic fraction), K_∝, were 8–20 times higher than on “pure” clay, K_m. But with soils with low to medium organic fractions (ƒ_∝ < 0.05) the contribution of the clay mineral to adsorption was quite significant, in spite of the fact that half of the sorption sites on the mineral surface were blocked by the humic. In the range of very low organic content in aquifer soil a non-linear pattern going through a minimum is observed between the overall partition coefficient and soil-organic fraction, transforming to the familiar linear relationship at higher ƒ_∝s. Both the K_∝ and K_m followed the linear-free energy relationship to the octanol-water partition coefficient K_ow.     

高强轻骨料混凝土梁承载力的研究

在6根高强轻骨料混凝土梁、2根高强普通混凝土梁正截面受弯承载力试验的基础上,提出了轻骨料混凝土强度等级提高后的正截面受弯承载力的计算方法;在对110根轻骨料混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力试验数据分析的基础上,提出了轻骨料混凝土强度等级提高后的斜截面受剪承载力计算公式,为《轻骨料混凝土结构技术规程》的编制提供依据。     

多层轻钢住宅纯框架结构体系研究

对目前国内常用的轻钢结构住宅体系的特点及设计原则进行了介绍,并指出轻钢住宅设计中所存在的问题。通过对某轻钢住宅设计实例的研究,表明框架柱采用方钢管截面,梁采用组合梁,且采用6m×8m的大柱网布置可以更好地体现轻钢住宅的优越性。     

工业废渣隔墙板的研制

介绍一种大规模利用自燃煤矸石的方法,即利用其作活性混合材料、粗细骨料生产内隔墙板。利用自燃煤矸石作活性材料和粗细骨料,工业锅炉炉渣作为粗骨料,使用自制的内墙板成型机,生产出了符合有关标准、性能优良的内墙板产品。     

Numerical investigation of airflow pattern and particulate matter transport in naturally ventilated multi-room buildings

This study reports on a numerical investigation of transport behavior of indoor airflow and size-dependent particulate matter (PM) in multi-room buildings. An indoor size-dependent PM transport approach, combining the Eulerian large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow with the Lagrangian particle trajectory tracking, was developed to investigate indoor airflow pattern and PM1/PM2.5/PM10 removal efficiency in naturally ventilated multi-room buildings. A displacement ventilation with a measured indoor PM10 profile in Taipei Metropolis as the initial condition was carried out to characterize spatial and temporal variations of indoor PM1/PM2.5/PM10 removal behavior. The effects of indoor airflow pattern on particle transport mechanisms, e.g., deposition, suspension, migration and escape, were analyzed. Two comparison scenarios, which considered the effects of no indoor partition and different air change rate, respectively, were also conducted. In comparison with the effectiveness of PM1/PM2.5/PM10 removal, the simulated results showed that coarse particles were easier to be removed out of the building than fine particles. Natural ventilation was not an effective way to remove fine particles such as PM1 and PM2.5 in a multi-room building. Indoor partitions can impede 12% of the mean streamwise velocities and significantly increase 30-50% turbulence intensities. However, indoor partitions increased particle deposition and decreased particle escape. As a result of the two opposite particle removal mechanisms, i.e., deposition and escape, the impact of indoor partitions on PM1/PM2.5/PM10 removal behavior was not as significant as the results of airflow velocities. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This work developed a computational fluid dynamics technique to investigate indoor airflow patterns and PM1/PM2.5/PM10 removal ability in ventilated multi-room buildings. The results of this paper can help to identify adequate PM1/PM2.5/PM10 cleaning procedure and provide useful size-dependent PM control strategy in multi-room buildings.     

轻钢门式刚架常见施工质量问题与措施

轻型门式刚架作为一种常用的结构形式,已广泛应用于工业建筑中。但由于轻型门式刚架施工质量和生产安全对施工因素非常敏感,为提高其施工水平,克服细节性缺陷,针对以往工程中影响轻型门式刚架施工质量的原因进行分析,总结经验教训,提出了相应的工程措施,可为轻型门式刚架结构工程施工和现场管理提供参考。